Economic Survey 2021: Key highlights of Economic Survey

Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman has introduced Economic Survey 2020-21 within the Parliament on 29 January 2021. The main focus of this 12 months’s financial survey is the losses and influence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey will present an evaluation of how the Indian financial system has been impacted by the lethal COVID-19 virus and the way it’s enhancing. It may also mission India’s gross home product development for 2021-22.

The Economic Survey doc is ready by the Economics Division of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) below the steering of the Chief Economic Advisor Krishnamurthy Subramanian. The Economic Survey 2020-21 can be adopted by the Union Budget 2020-21 which can be tabled on February 1.

The theme of Economic Survey, 2020-21:

• #SavingLives&Livelihoods
• #VshapedRecovery

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What is the Economic Survey?

• The Economic Survey is an annual doc of the Ministry of Finance. It opinions the financial progress of the nation and points within the final 12 months.
• The survey gives info associated to the efficiency of key developmental schemes launched by the federal government. The doc additionally explains the efficiency of main authorities insurance policies and their influence.
• The Economic Survey discusses main fiscal developments, macroeconomic elements, inflation, and different financial elements. The doc additionally highlights the influence of agriculture, local weather change, and employment on the financial system of the nation.
• The 1st Economic Survey was tabled in 1950-51. However, until the 12 months 1964, it was introduced together with the funds.

Here are the important thing highlights from the Economic Survey 2020-21:

According to the survey, India’s financial system might contract 7.7 per cent within the monetary 12 months that ends on March 31, pulled down primarily by the coronavirus pandemic and the weeks-long nationwide lockdown to include the illness. Real GDP development might be 11 per cent within the subsequent monetary 12 months.

Saving Lives and Livelihoods amidst a Once-in-a-Century Crisis

• India centered on saving lives and livelihoods by its willingness to take short-term ache for long-term acquire, on the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Response stemmed from the humane precept that:

• Human lives misplaced can’t be introduced again

GDP development will get better from the short-term shock brought on by the pandemic

• An early, intense lockdown offered a win-win technique to avoid wasting lives, and protect livelihoods by way of financial restoration within the medium to long-term
• V-shaped restoration, as seen in a 7.5% decline in GDP in Q2 and restoration throughout all key financial indicators vis-à-vis the 23.9% GDP contraction in Q1

COVID pandemic affected each demand and provide:

• India was the one nation to announce structural reforms to increase provide within the medium-long time period and keep away from long-term injury to productive capacities
• Calibrated demand-side insurance policies to make sure that the accelerator is slowly pushed down solely when the brakes on financial actions are being eliminated
• A public funding programme centred across the National Infrastructure Pipeline to speed up the demand push and additional the restoration
• The upturn within the financial system, avoiding the second wave of infections – a sui generis case in strategic policymaking amidst a once-in-a-century pandemic

State of the Economy in 2020-21: A Macro View

• COVID-19 pandemic ensued international financial downturn, probably the most extreme one because the Global Financial Crisis
• The lockdowns and social distancing norms introduced the already slowing international financial system to a standstill
• Global financial output estimated to fall by 3.5% in 2020 (IMF January 2021 estimates)
• Governments and central banks throughout the globe deployed numerous coverage instruments to assist their economies resembling decreasing coverage charges, quantitative easing measures, and so on.
• India adopted a four-pillar technique of containment, fiscal, monetary, and long-term structural reforms.
• As per the advance estimates by NSO, India’s GDP is estimated to develop by (-) 7.7% in FY21 – a sturdy sequential development of 23.9% in H2: FY21 over H1: FY2
• India’s actual GDP to report an 11.0% development in FY2021-22 and nominal GDP to develop by 15.4% – the highest since independence:
• Rebound to be led by the low base and continued normalization in financial actions because the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines gathers traction
• Government consumption and internet exports cushioned the expansion from diving additional down, whereas funding and personal consumption pulled it down
• The restoration within the second half of FY2020-21 is anticipated to be powered by authorities consumption, estimated to develop at 17% YoY
• Exports anticipated to say no by 5.8% and imports by 11.3% within the second half of the FY21
• India anticipated to have a Current Account Surplus of two% of GDP in FY21, a historic excessive after 17 years

On the availability aspect, Gross Value Added (GVA) development pegged at -7.2% in FY21 as towards 3.9% in FY20:

1. Agriculture set to cushion the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Indian financial system in FY21 with a development of three.4%
2. Industry and companies estimated to contract by 9.6% and eight.8% respectively throughout FY21

• India remained a most popular funding vacation spot in FY 2020-21 with FDI pouring in amidst international asset shifts in the direction of equities and prospects of faster restoration in rising economies:

1. Net FPI inflows recorded an all-time month-to-month excessive of US$ 9.8 billion in November 2020, as buyers’ danger urge for food returned
2. India was the one nation amongst rising markets to obtain fairness FII inflows in 2020

• Softening of CPI inflation just lately displays an easing of supply-side constraints that affected meals inflation
• Mild contraction of 0.8% in funding (as measured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation) in 2^nd half of FY21, as towards 29% drop in 1^st half of FY21
• Reignited inter and intrastate motion and record-high month-to-month GST collections have marked the unlocking of commercial and business exercise
• The exterior sector offered an efficient cushion to development with India recording a Current Account Surplus of three.1% of GDP within the first half of FY21:
• Strong companies exports and weak demand resulting in a sharper contraction in imports (merchandise imports contracted by 39.7%) than exports (merchandise exports contracted by 21.2%)

1. Forex reserves elevated to a stage in order to cowl 18 months value of imports in December 2020
2. External debt as a ratio to GDP elevated to 21.6% at end-September 2020 from 20.6% at end-March 2020

• Ratio of foreign exchange reserves to whole and short-term debt improved due to the sizable accretion in reserves
• V-shaped restoration is underway, as demonstrated by a sustained resurgence in high-frequency indicators resembling energy demand, e-way payments, GST assortment, metal consumption, and so on.
• India grew to become the quickest nation to roll-out 10 lakh vaccines in 6 days and likewise emerged as a main provider of the vaccine to neighbouring nations and Brazil

Does Growth result in Debt Sustainability? Yes, But Not Vice- Versa!

Growth results in debt sustainability within the Indian context however not essentially vice-versa:

• Debt sustainability relies on the ‘Interest Rate Growth Rate Differential’ (IRGD), i.e., the distinction between the rate of interest and the expansion charge
• Negative IRGD in India – not as a consequence of decrease rates of interest however a lot greater development charges – prompts a debate on fiscal coverage, particularly throughout development slowdowns and financial crises
• Active fiscal coverage can make sure that the total advantage of reforms is reaped by limiting potential injury to productive capability
• Fiscal coverage that gives an impetus to development will result in a decrease debt-to-GDP ratio
• Given India’s development potential, debt sustainability is unlikely to be an issue even within the worst eventualities
• Desirable to make use of countercyclical fiscal coverage to allow development throughout financial downturns
• Active, counter-cyclical fiscal coverage – not a name for fiscal irresponsibility, however to interrupt the mental anchoring that has created an uneven bias towards fiscal coverage

Does India’s Sovereign Credit Rating Reflect Its Fundamentals? No!

• The fifth-largest financial system on the earth has by no means been rated because the lowest rung of the investment-grade (BBB-/Baa3) in sovereign credit score rankings.

India’s sovereign credit score rankings don’t replicate its fundamentals:

• A transparent outlier amongst nations rated between A+/A1 and BBB-/Baa3 for S&P/ Moody’s, on a number of parameters
• Credit rankings map the likelihood of default and subsequently replicate the willingness and skill of the borrower to fulfill its obligations:
• India’s willingness to pay is certainly demonstrated by way of its zero sovereign default historical past
• India’s skill to pay could be gauged by low international currency-denominated debt and foreign exchange reserves
• Sovereign credit standing adjustments for India have no or weak correlation with macroeconomic indicators
• India’s fiscal coverage ought to replicate Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore’s sentiment of ‘a mind without fear’
• Sovereign credit standing methodology ought to be made extra clear, much less subjective and higher attuned to replicate economies’ fundamentals

Inequality and Growth: Conflict or Convergence?

• The relationship between inequality and socio-economic outcomes vis-à-vis financial development and socio-economic outcomes is totally different in India from that in superior economies.
• Economic development has a higher influence on poverty alleviation than inequality
• India should proceed to deal with financial development to raise the poor out of poverty
• Expanding the general pie – redistribution in a growing financial system is possible provided that the dimensions of the financial pie grows

Healthcare takes centre stage, lastly!

• COVID-19 pandemic emphasised the significance of the healthcare sector and its inter-linkages with different sectors – showcased how a well being disaster reworked into an financial and social disaster
• India’s well being infrastructure should be agile in order to reply to pandemics – healthcare coverage should not turn out to be beholden to ‘saliency bias’
• National Health Mission (NHM) performed a crucial position in mitigating inequity because the entry of the poorest to pre-natal/post-natal care and institutional deliveries elevated considerably
• Emphasis on NHM along with Ayushman Bharat ought to proceed
• An improve in public healthcare spending from 1% to 2.5-3% of GDP can lower the out-of-pocket expenditure from 65% to 35% of total healthcare spending
• A regulator for the healthcare sector should be thought of given the market failures stemming from info asymmetry
• Mitigation of data asymmetry will assist decrease insurance coverage premiums, allow the providing of higher merchandise and improve insurance coverage penetration
• Information utilities that assist mitigate the data asymmetry within the healthcare sector can be helpful in enhancing total welfare
• Telemedicine must be harnessed to the fullest by investing in web connectivity and well being infrastructure

Process Reforms

• India over-regulates the financial system leading to laws being ineffective even with comparatively good compliance with course of
• The root explanation for the issue of overregulation is an strategy that makes an attempt to account for each attainable consequence
•  Increase in complexity of laws, supposed to cut back discretion, ends in much more non-transparent discretion
• The answer is to simplify laws and put money into higher supervision which, by definition, implies higher discretion
• Discretion, nonetheless, must be balanced with transparency, methods of ex-ante accountability and ex-post decision mechanisms
• The above mental framework has already knowledgeable reforms starting from labour codes to removing of onerous laws on the BPO sector

Regulatory Forbearance an emergency drugs, not staple weight loss plan!

• During the Global Financial Crisis, regulatory forbearance helped debtors tide over short-term hardship
• Forbearance continued lengthy after the financial restoration, leading to unintended penalties for the financial system
• Banks exploited the forbearance window for window-dressing their books and misallocated credit score, thereby damaging the standard of funding within the financial system
• Forbearance represents emergency drugs that ought to be discontinued on the first alternative when the financial system reveals restoration, not a staple weight loss plan that will get continued for years
• To promote judgement amidst uncertainty, ex-post inquests should acknowledge the position of hindsight bias and never equate unfavourable outcomes to unhealthy judgement or  malafide intent
• An Asset Quality Review train should be carried out instantly after the forbearance is withdrawn
• The authorized infrastructure for the restoration of loans must be strengthened de facto

Innovation: Trending Up however Needs Thrust, Especially from the Private Sector

• India entered the top-50 innovating nations for the primary time in 2020 because the inception of the Global Innovation Index in 2007, rating first in Central and South Asia, and third amongst lower-middle-income group economies
• India’s gross home expenditure on R&D (GERD) is lowest amongst prime ten economies
• India’s aspiration should be to compete on innovation with the highest ten economies
• The authorities sector contributes a disproportionately massive share in whole GERD at thrice the typical of prime ten economies
• The enterprise sector’s contribution to GERD, whole R&D personnel and researchers is amongst the bottom when in comparison with prime ten economies
• This scenario has prevailed regardless of greater tax incentives for innovation and entry to fairness capital
• India’s enterprise sector must considerably ramp up investments in R&D
• Indian resident’s share in whole patents filed within the nation should rise from the present 36% which is way beneath the typical of 62% in prime ten economies
• For reaching greater enchancment in innovation output, India should deal with enhancing its efficiency on establishments and enterprise sophistication innovation inputs

JAY Ho! PM‘JAY’ Adoption and Health outcomes

• Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) – the bold program launched by Government of India in 2018 to supply healthcare entry to probably the most susceptible sections demonstrates sturdy optimistic results on healthcare outcomes in a short while
• PM-JAY is getting used considerably for top frequency, low-cost care resembling dialysis and continued through the Covid pandemic and the lockdown.

Bare Necessities

• Access to the ‘bare necessities’ has improved throughout all States within the nation in 2018 as in comparison with 2012
• It is highest in States resembling Kerala, Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat whereas lowest in Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Tripura
• Improvement in every of the 5 dimensions viz., entry to water, housing, sanitation, micro-environment and different services
• Inter-State disparities declined throughout rural and concrete areas because the laggard states have gained comparatively extra between 2012 and 2018
• Improved disproportionately extra for the poorest households when in comparison with the richest households throughout rural and concrete areas
• Improved entry to the ‘bare necessities’ has led to enhancements in well being indicators resembling toddler mortality and under-5 mortality charge and likewise correlates with future enhancements in schooling indicators
• The thrust ought to be given to cut back variation within the entry to reveal requirements throughout states, between rural and concrete and between revenue teams
• The schemes resembling Jal Jeevan Mission, SBM-G, PMAY-G, and so on. could design an acceptable technique to cut back these gaps
• A Bare Necessities Index (BNI) primarily based on the massive annual family survey knowledge could be constructed utilizing appropriate indicators and methodology on the district stage for all/focused districts to evaluate the progress on entry to reveal requirements.

Fiscal Developments

• India adopted a calibrated strategy finest suited to a resilient restoration of its financial system from COVID-19 pandemic influence, in distinction with a front-loaded massive stimulus bundle adopted by many nations
• Expenditure coverage in 2020-21 initially geared toward supporting the susceptible sections however was re-oriented to spice up total demand and capital spending, as soon as the lockdown was unwound
• Monthly GST collections have crossed the Rs. 1 lakh crore mark consecutively for the final 3 months, reaching its highest ranges in December 2020 ever because the introduction of GST
• Reforms in tax administration have begun a technique of transparency and accountability and have incentivized tax compliance by enhancing trustworthy tax-payers’ expertise
• Central Government has additionally taken constant steps to impart assist to the States within the difficult instances of the pandemic

External Sector

• COVID-19 pandemic led to a pointy decline in international commerce, decrease commodity costs and tighter exterior financing situations with implications for present account balances and currencies of various nations
• India’s foreign exchange reserves at an all-time excessive of US$ 586.1 billion as on January 08, 2021, masking about 18 months value of imports
• India experiencing a Current Account Surplus together with sturdy capital inflows resulting in a BoP surplus since This fall of FY2019-20

Improvement in debt vulnerability indicators:

• The ratio of foreign exchange reserves to whole and short-term debt (unique and residual)
• Ratio of short-term debt (unique maturity) to the whole inventory of exterior debt.
• Debt service ratio (principal compensation plus curiosity fee) elevated to 9.7% as at end-September 2020, in comparison with 6.5% as at end-March 2020

Rupee appreciation/depreciation:

• In phrases of the 6-currency nominal efficient change charge (NEER) (trade-based weights), Rupee depreciated by 4.1% in December 2020 over March 2020; appreciated by 2.9% when it comes to actual efficient change charge (REER)
• In phrases of 36-currency NEER (trade-based weights), Rupee depreciated by 2.9% in December 2020 over March 2020; appreciated by 2.2% when it comes to REER
• RBI’s interventions in foreign exchange markets ensured monetary stability and orderly situations, controlling the volatility and one-sided appreciation of the Rupee

Initiatives have been undertaken to advertise exports:

• Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme
• Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP)
• Improvement in logistics infrastructure and digital initiatives

Money Management and Financial Intermediation

• Accommodative financial coverage throughout 2020: repo charge lower by 115 bps since March 2020
• Systemic liquidity in FY2020-21 has remained in surplus up to now. RBI undertook numerous standard and unconventional measures like:

1. Open Market Operations
2. Long Term Repo Operations
3. Targeted Long Term Repo Operations

• Gross Non-Performing Assets ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks decreased from 8.21% at end-March, 2020 to 7.49% at end-September, 2020
• The financial transmission of decrease coverage charges to deposit and lending charges improved throughout FY2020-21
• The restoration charge for the Scheduled Commercial Banks by way of IBC (since its inception) has been over 45%

Prices and Inflation

Headline CPI inflation:

• Averaged 6.6% throughout April-December, 2020 and stood at 4.6% in December 2020, primarily pushed by rising in meals inflation (from 6.7% in 2019-20 to 9.1% throughout April-December, 2020, owing to construct up in vegetable costs)
• CPI headline and its subgroups witnessed inflation throughout April-October 2020, pushed by the substantial improve in value momentum – as a result of preliminary disruptions brought on by COVID-19 lockdown
• Moderated value momentum by November 2020 for many subgroups, coupled with optimistic base impact helped ease inflation

The rural-urban distinction in CPI inflation noticed a decline in 2020:

• Since November 2019, CPI-Urban inflation has closed the hole with CPI-Rural inflation
• Food inflation has virtually converged now
• Divergence in rural-urban inflation noticed in different parts of CPI like gasoline and lightweight, clothes and footwear, miscellaneous and so on.
• During April-December, 2019 in addition to April-December, 2020-21, the foremost driver of CPI-C inflation was the meals and drinks group:  Thali price elevated between June 2020 and November 2020, nonetheless a pointy fall within the month of December reflecting the autumn within the costs of many important meals commodities

State-wise development:

• CPI-C inflation elevated in many of the states within the present 12 months
• Regional variation persists
• Inflation ranged from 3.2% to 11% throughout States/UTs throughout June-December 2020 in comparison with (-) 0.3% to 7.6% throughout the identical interval final 12 months.
• Food inflation driving total CPI-C inflation as a result of comparatively extra weight of meals gadgets within the index.

Steps have been taken to stabilize the costs of meals gadgets:

• Banning of export of onions
• The imposition of a inventory restrict on onions
• Easing of restriction on imports of pulses

Gold costs:

• Sharp spike as buyers turned to gold as a safe-haven funding amid COVID-19 induced financial uncertainties
• Compared to different belongings, gold had significantly greater returns throughout FY2020-21

Consistency in import coverage warrants consideration:

• Increased dependence on imports of edible oils poses the danger of fluctuations in import costs
• Imports impacting manufacturing and costs of the home edible oil market, coupled with frequent adjustments in import coverage of pulses and edible oils, add to confusion amongst farmers/producers and delay imports

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

• India has taken a number of proactive steps to mainstream the SDGs into the insurance policies, schemes and programmes
• Voluntary National Review (VNR) introduced to the United Nations High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) on Sustainable Development
• The localisation of SDGs is essential to any technique geared toward reaching the targets below the 2030 Agenda
• Sustainable improvement stays core to the event technique regardless of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic disaster
• Eight National Missions below National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) focussed on the targets of adaptation, mitigation and preparedness on local weather dangers
• India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) states that finance is a crucial enabler of local weather change motion
• The financing concerns will subsequently stay crucial particularly because the nation steps up the targets considerably
• The purpose of collectively mobilizing US$ 100 billion a 12 months by 2020 for local weather financing by the developed nations has remained elusive
• The postponement of COP26 to 2021 additionally offers much less time for negotiations and different evidence-based work to tell the post-2025 purpose
• Despite total development within the international bond markets, inexperienced bond issuance within the first half of 2020 slowed down from 2019, probably on account of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic
• International Solar Alliance (ISA) launched two new initiatives – ‘World Solar Bank’ and ‘One Sun One World One Grid Initiative’ – poised to result in photo voltaic vitality revolution globally

Agriculture and Food Management

• India’s Agricultural (and Allied Activities) sector has proven its resilience amid the adversities of COVID-19 induced lockdowns with a development of three.4% at fixed costs throughout 2020-21 (first advance estimate).
• The share of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in Gross Value Added (GVA) of the nation at present costs is 17.8% for the 12 months 2019-20 (CSO-Provisional Estimates of National Income, 29^th May 2020).
• Gross Capital Formation (GCF) relative to GVA exhibiting a fluctuating development from 17.7 % in 2013-14 to 16.4 % in 2018-19, with a dip to 14.7 % in 2015-16
• Total meals grain manufacturing within the nation within the agriculture 12 months 2019-20 (as per Fourth Advance Estimates), is 11.44 million tonnes greater than throughout 2018-19.
• The precise agricultural credit score move was ₹13,92,469.81 crores towards the goal of ₹13,50,000 crores in 2019-20. The goal for 2020-21 was ₹15,00,000 crores and a sum of ₹ 9,73,517.80 crores was disbursed until thirtieth November 2020:
• 1.5 crore dairy farmers of milk cooperatives and milk producer corporations’ have been focused to supply Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) as a part of Prime Minister’s AatmaNirbhar Bharat Package after the funds announcement of  February 2020
• As of mid January 2021, a complete of 44,673 Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) have been issued to fishers and fish farmers and an extra 4.04 lakh purposes from fishers and fish farmers are with the banks at numerous phases of issuance

The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana covers over 5.5 crore farmer purposes 12 months on 12 months:

• Claims value Rs. 90,000 crore paid, as on 12^th January 2021
• Speedy declare settlement immediately into the farmer accounts by way of Aadhar linkage
• 70 lakh farmers benefitted and claims value Rs. 8741.30 crores have been transferred throughout COVID-19 lockdown interval
• An quantity of Rs. 18000 crore have been deposited immediately within the financial institution accounts of 9 crore farmer households of the nation in December 2020 within the 7^th instalment of monetary profit below the PM-KISAN scheme

Fish manufacturing reached an all-time excessive of 14.16 million metric tons throughout 2019-20:

• GVA by the Fisheries sector to the nationwide financial system stood at ₹2,12,915 crores constituting 1.24% of the whole nationwide GVA and seven.28 % of the agricultural GVA
• Food Processing Industries (FPI) sector rising at an Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR) of round 9.99 % as in comparison with round 3.12 % in Agriculture and eight.25 % in Manufacturing at 2011-12 costs over the last 5 years ending 2018-19.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana:

• 80.96 crore beneficiaries have been offered foodgrains above NFSA mandated requirement freed from price until November 2020.
• Over 200 LMT of foodgrains have been offered amounting to a fiscal outgo of over Rs. 75000 Crores.

AatmaNirbhar Bharat Package: 

• 5 kg per particular person per 30 days for 4 months (May to August) to roughly 8 crores migrants (excluded below NFSA or state ration card) entailing subsidy of  Rs. 3109 crores roughly

Industry and Infrastructure

• A robust V-shaped restoration of financial exercise additional confirmed by IIP knowledge
• The IIP & eight-core index additional inched as much as pre-COVID ranges
• The broad-based restoration within the IIP resulted in a development of (-) 1.9 % in Nov-2020 as in comparison with a development of two.1 % in Nov-2019 and a nadir of (-) 57.3 % in Apr-2020
• Further enchancment and firming up in industrial actions are foreseen with the Government enhancing capital expenditure, the vaccination drive and the resolute push ahead on long-pending reform measures
• AatmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan with a stimulus bundle value 15 % of India’s GDP introduced

Doing Business Report (DBR)

• India’s rank within the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Index for 2019 has moved upwards to the 63^rd place in 2020 from 77^th in 2018 as per the
• India has improved its place in 7 out of 10 indicators
• Acknowledges India as one of many prime 10 improvers, the third time in a row, with an enchancment of 67 ranks in three years
• It can also be the very best soar by any massive nation since 2011

Services Sector

• India’s companies sector contracted by almost 16 % throughout H1: FY2020-21, through the COVID-19 pandemic mandated lockdown, owing to its contact-intensive nature
• Key indicators resembling Services Purchasing Managers’ Index, rail freight visitors, and port visitors, are all displaying a V-shaped restoration after a pointy decline through the lockdown
• Despite the disruptions being witnessed globally, FDI inflows into India’s companies sector grew robustly by 34% Y-o-Y throughout April-September 2020 to succeed in US$ 23.6 billion
• The companies sector accounts for over 54 % of India’s GVA and almost four-fifths of whole FDI influx into India
• The sector’s share in GVA exceeds 50% in 15 out of 33 States and UTs, and is especially extra pronounced (higher than 85%) in Delhi and Chandigarh
• Services sector accounts for 48% of whole exports, outperforming items exports within the latest years
• The transport turnaround time at ports has virtually halved from 4.67 days in 2010-11 to 2.62 days in 2019-20
• The Indian start-up ecosystem has been progressing nicely amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, being house to 38 unicorns – including a report variety of 12 start-ups to the unicorn checklist final 12 months

India’s area sector has grown exponentially previously six many years:

• Spent about US$ 1.8 billion on area programmes in 2019-20.
• Space ecosystem is present process a number of coverage reforms to have interaction personal gamers and entice innovation and funding.

Social Infrastructure, Employment and Human Development

• The mixed (Centre and States) social sector expenditure as % of GDP has elevated in 2020-21 in comparison with final 12 months.
• India’s rank in HDI 2019 was recorded at 131, out of a complete 189 nations:
• India’s GNI per capita (2017 PPP $) has elevated from US$ 6,427 in 2018 to US$ 6,681 in 2019
• Life expectancy at beginning improved from 69.4 years in 2018 to 69.7 years in 201
• The entry to the information community, digital gadgets resembling a pc, laptop computer, smartphone and so on. gained significance as a consequence of on-line studying and distant working through the pandemic
• Major proportion of workforce engaged as common wage/salaried within the city sector through the interval of January 2019-March 2020 (quarterly survey of PLFS)
• Government’s incentive to spice up employment by way of AatmaNirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana and rationalization and simplification of present labour codes into 4 codes

Low stage of feminine LFPR in India:

• Females spending disproportionately extra time on unpaid home and caregiving companies to family members as in comparison with their male counterparts (Time Use Survey, 2019)
• Need to advertise non-discriminatory practices on the office like pay and profession development, enhance work incentives, together with different medical and social safety advantages for feminine staff

India’s struggle towards COVID-19:

• Initial measures of lockdown, social distancing, journey advisories, practising hand wash, carrying masks diminished the unfold of the illness
• The nation additionally acquired self-reliance in important medicines, hand sanitisers, protecting gear together with masks, PPE Kits, ventilators, COVID-19 testing and therapy services
• World’s largest COVID-19 vaccination drive commenced on 16^th January 2021 utilizing two indigenously manufactured vaccines.

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